This human IL-33 ELISA contains the necessary reagents, from pre-coated plate to standard, buffers and diluents for performing quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). This ELISA kit is specifically engineered for accurate and precise measurement of human IL-33 protein levels from samples including serum, plasma, and supernatants from cell cultures and cell lysates.
IL-33 is the most recently discovered member of the IL-1 family of cytokines, which includes IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18 and IL-1Ra. In humans, IL-33 mRNA is predominantly found in dermal fibroblasts, bronchial and small airway epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells of skin and lung tissues. This cytokine is localized primarily in the nucleus where it is thought to play a role in transcriptional repression but can also be released from the cell. Upon wounding or infection, IL-33 is released from the cell via an atypical secretory pathway. During apoptosis, IL-33 is cleaved by caspases-3 and 7 (and most likely not caspase-1) to produce an 18-kDa fragment which is released. This cleaved form of IL-33 can bind the ST2 receptor, without subsequent signaling events. Necrosis-mediated release of IL-33 enables binding to ST2, a member of the IL-1 receptor family found on mast and Th4 effector cells, leading to the release of Th4 cytokines. The cytokine production due to IL-33 in turn activates human basophils. IL-33 influence on activation, degranulation, enhanced adhesion and survival of eosinophils has been shown. IL-33 also increases synthesis of IL-6, IL-13, IL-1β, TNFα, prostaglandin D2 and CCL2 (MCP-1) by primary bone marrow-derived mast cells. Other cells activated by IL-33 are cardiomyocytes, glial cells and CD34+ cells.

Synonyms: IL1F11